Metal Songs
Criteria & Context
- Criteria
While metal music developed in the 60s and 70s, significant output related to the Vietnam War from the 1980s onwards, means that most of these songs fall into the post-war category. Songs included need to mention Vietnam, or specific themes especially found in the lyrics of the post-Vietnam War era, which include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prisoners of war (P.O.W.s) and the missing in action (M.I.A.s), the plight and treatment of veterans, agent orange, napalm, and comparing Vietnam to contemporary conflicts and domestic protest. References to Vietnam War films are also present.
- Context
Metal, its sub-genres, and sub-cultures, emerged in the late-60s and early 1970s, mainly in the US and UK, coinciding with the Vietnam War and time period of significant political and social change, often reflected in music and other cultural mediums. The 1980s and 90s saw a break-out into multiple metal sub-genres and cultures. With lyrics focusing on dark themes, war and politics, and a rejection of the mainstream and anti-establishment, metal bands often tackled political issues, including war. Growing-up in the context of the Vietnam War, the collapse of South Vietnam, and the impact of the war on veterans returning home, a fair number of metal songs focused or referenced the war, often using it as a point of comparison for contemporary events, or reflecting on the horrors of war and weapons used, especially napalm and Agent Orange.
Themes
One of the key themes found is the impact of the war on veterans, especially displayed through Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - frequently referenced in post-war 1980s songs about US veterans, often connected in songs to stress, shell shock, flashbacks, nostalgia, and feelings and dreams related to an event. Songs also referenced the treatment of veterans back in the US – such as lack of govt support, unemployment, unwelcome (no parades etc.), and blamed for the war and its controversies etc. Moreover, songs referencing a disabled Vietnam War veteran appeared frequently.
(b) Violence / Anti-War / Peace
Opposition to the Vietnam War, found in metal songs, often focussed on the violence and death, especially represented through the use of specific weapons, such as chemical weapon Napalm B - a jellied gasoline mixture, with polystyrene, benzene, and gasoline. Declared a war-crime since 1980, the US government extensively used this weapon during the Vietnam conflict, dropping 388,000 tons on Indochina between 1963 and 1973.12 (3) Also frequently referenced was Agent Orange, the defoliant / herbicide used by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War, which had long term negative health effects on the Vietnamese and US soldier whom came into contact with the chemical. Anti-war views are also reflected in songs about events, especially the My Lai Massacre - the mass murder of between 300-500 civilians in the South Vietnamese area known as "Pinkville", containing the hamlets, known as My Lai 4 and My Khe 4, and throughout the area of Song My, by US forces on 16 March 1968.
(c) Contemporary Events
As noted above, the Vietnam War was often used as a point of comparison to contemporary events in the post-war period, including metal songs, in opposition to the government and foreign interventionist policies. This is prevalent in the 1980s in songs against Reagan, and interventions in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Grenada. In the 1990s, this is seen with the Gulf War, and in the 2000s, with the invasion of Afghanistan, and Iraq War.
(d) Films:
The core-metal period coincided with the second peak of Hollywood production of Vietnam War films in the mid-1980s, which had a major cultural impact, and its imagery and quotes are frequently found in the vivid, almost cinematic lyrics of metal songs [the first peak being around 1978-1979 with The Deer Hunter (dir. Michael Cimino) and Apocalypse Now (dir. Francis Ford Coppola). By the mid-1980s, films like Uncommon Valor (1983), Missing in Action (1984), and Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) concentrated on the US soldier as hero and the Vietnamese, Chinese, and Russians as villains. This reflects the Reagan-era nationalism and the need to overcome the "Vietnam Syndrome". The second wave of Vietnam War films came in 1986-1987 with Platoon (dir. Oliver Stone), Hamburger Hill (dir. John Irvin), and Full Metal Jacket (dir. Stanley Kubrick). These films claimed to show the reality of combat in Vietnam in comparison to the stylised 'message' and 'flag-waving' films which came before. Once again, the major cultural impact of these films is represented in song references.
Note on Genres
Heavy Metal: "Heavy metal was Metal's original name, but is now used as a retrospective term to refer to a specific metal subgenre. It is built around elements of Hard Rock."
US Power Metal: "American style influenced by NWOBHM that features heavily distorted guitars paired with more aggressive riffs, mid-tempo Heavy Metal rhythms.."
Power Metal: "Developed from Heavy Metal and Speed Metal; characterized by its emphasis on speed, vocal melody and harmonized lead guitars".
Speed Metal: "Originating from the NWOBHM and influenced by the work of early heavy metal bands, being faster and somewhat more aggressive than heavy metal".
Death Metal: "Features distorted, commonly down-tuned guitars; palm-muted and tremolo-picked riffs; aggressive, double-kicked percussion that utilizes various blast beats techniques; abrupt changes in tempo and time signatures; and guttural vocal styles".
Brutal Death Metal: "a subgenre of Death Metal that emerged in the early 1990s. Brutal death metal typically utilizes triggered blast beats, chunky, fast riffing, and rhythmic "slam" riffs".
Sludge Metal: "a subgenre of Metal that combines the slow, dark instrumentals and atmosphere of Doom Metal with the aggressive, harsh screams and shouts credited to Hardcore Punk".
Grindcore: "Features shortened song structures and a diverse palette of intense techniques such as blast and skank beats, tremolo and down-picking, and various harsh vocal styles"
Thrash Metal: "Features fast tempos; rhythmically focused, frequently palm-muted riffs; shredding solos; aggressive, often double-kicked drumming; skank beats; and vocal styles ranging from shouts to melodic singing".
Crossover Thrash: "Fusion of Thrash Metal and Hardcore Punk which started in the 1980s".
Industrial Metal: "Fuses Metal with elements from Industrial & Noise".
Alternative Metal: "a subgenre of Metal music that began in the late 1980s and reached its peak in the 1990s. It features rhythmic drop-tuned and mid-tempo riffs, alternation between harsh and melodic vocal stylings, and heavy influences from Alternative Rock".
Rap Metal: "a form of Alternative Metal that features rapped Hip Hop vocals".
Groove Metal: "Midtempo riffs influenced by Thrash Metal but with a greater focus on rhythmic syncopation and heaviness over speed".
Metalcore: "Combination of Hardcore [Punk] and Metal that began to take shape during the mid 1990s, emphasizing breakdowns and greater use of dissonance".
Progressive Metal: "a genre that features Metal's amplified, guitar-driven sound and fuses it with technical proficiency and Progressive Rock-inspired virtuosity".
Gothic Metal: "style that emerged from a combination of Doom Metal's down-tuned, slow riffing style and Gothic Rock's somber and gloomy atmosphere".
Black Metal: "a style of extreme Metal typified by tremolo-picked riffs, distorted, trebly electric guitars, shrieked vocals, and double-kick drumming and blast beats that also frequently features raw, underproduced sound"
Symphonic Black Metal: "a sub-genre of Black Metal that emerged in the mid 1990s..characterised by typical black metal elements, such as tremolo picking riffs, shrieking vocals and blast-beats, as well as synthesized and symphonic soundscapes".
1970s
- 21 February: Kissinger talks with Le Duc Tho begin
- 30 April: Nixon announces the incursion into Cambodia
- 1 May: Nixon calls protesters "bums"
- 4 May: 4 Student killed at Kent State Ohio, by National Guardsmen
- 24 June: Congress repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- 12 November: Trial of Lt. William Calley began
- 22 December: Cooper-Church Amendment
1970
1971
1980s
Ronald Reagan spoke about this on 18 August 1980: "for too long, we have lived with the Vietnam Syndrome..As the years dragged on, we were told that peace would come if we would simply stop interfering and go home..We dishonor the memory of 50,000 young Americans who died..we give way to feelings of guilt as if we were doing something shameful, and we have been shabby in our treatment of those who returned. They fought as well and as bravely as any Americans have ever fought in any war. They deserve our gratitude, our respect, and our continuing concern".2 Many war films of the period fitted into this climate of trying to overcome the Vietnam Syndrome, such as First Blood [Rambo] (1982), Uncommon Valor (1983), and Missing in Action (1984).
1981
1982
Firstly, the song "Death Tone" , narrated in the first person, told the story of a Vietnam veteran wounded in the war: "ridin' on two wheels" . The veteran complained that while others "were sittin' at home" , he "got sent to Nam" - presumably a reference to the draft. Back home he struggled to find work and needed assistance: "my social worker's got me on a chain, keeps me out of jail" . He said that his "unemployment checks run out next week" and would thus be living on the streets again. So the song portrayed the struggles of a wounded Vietnam vet, trying to re-adjust to society outside of the army and surviving / adapting to life with a major disability.
1983
Heavy Metal band Casey, which featured the members Scott [Stoney] Woodward (bass), Hardly Normal (drums), J. Carmen Dabella (guitar), Rick [Buwanna] Hopkins (vocals), only released one album, recorded in Binghamton, New York, USA. The song "Vietnam - No More Wars" (Unreel Records) focused on the impact of the war on a US Vietnam War veteran. It started out with the familiar helicopter sound-effects often heard in post-war songs, and Vietnam War films, followed by a crying baby. It contained various scenarios of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - "the bad times that made you sweat... still makes you cry" - also frequently referenced in post-war 1980s songs about US veterans, often connected in songs to stress, shell shock, flashbacks, nostalgia, and feelings and dreams related to an event. The lyrics also address the mistreatment of Vietnam veterans, returning home, and not receiving a heroes welcome, having fought an unpopular war: "left the airport, no family or friends, you're a vet of a war nobody was winning" .
1985
- Heavy metal, draft, protest, anti-war
"Uncle Sam is waiting with the draft card / He says you've got to fight the Viet Cong"
1986
1987
The track "Violence and Bloodshed" (ATCO Records # 790 563-1) featured a typical 80s theme of going back to Vietnam to rescue American soldier left behind (either M.I.A. or P.O.W.s), also frequently seen in 1980s films like Rambo: First Blood Part II. The songs is narrated in the first person from the perspective of a vigilante in the US (possibly a Vietnam veteran): "blew it 'Nam, shot up my friends, I'm back on the street" . He pledged to defend freedom and civilization. He then told the listener that "my brother's still in Da-Nang" and that he would go "back to 'Nam 'cause no one else will" .
The song "Persecution Mania" (Steamhammer # SH 0084) looked at a mercenary who returned to Vietnam to rescue the prisoners of war (P.O.W.), as well as describing the hell of war - like the Manowar song "Violence and Bloodshed" above, this song created imagery similar to the Vietnam War film Rambo: First Blood Part II. It started with a platoon "back" in the "jungles" with the task of finding the "missing captive, locked up in contaminated camps" . The platoon encountered hostile fire, including nerve gas, but they found the prison camp and fought on in order "to do justice" for those that had died in the war. Suggested by SabbathBloodySabbath.
They released the song "Napalm" , an anti-war track, an interesting reflection of Cold War fears of nuclear destruction, referencing "Hiroshima", and of course, as in the title, chemical weapon Napalm B - a jellied gasoline mixture, with polystyrene, benzene, and gasoline. Declared a war-crime since 1980, the US government extensively used this weapon during the Vietnam conflict, dropping 388,000 tons on Indochina between 1963 and 1973.123 The Dow Chemical Company, the largest suppler of napalm to the US military, became a target of Vietnam protests (such as boycotts), particularly on university campuses.4 The song also referenced "Agent Orange" - the defoliant / herbicide used by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War, which had long term negative health effects on the Vietnamese and US soldier whom came into contact with the chemical.
1988
1989
The vivid lyrics conjured the familiar images used to portray the Vietnam conflict, including the helicopters and jungles: "caged into the chopper, crossing the green" . It recalled the reasons for fighting: "patriotic to fight for stars and stripes, heroic left his home to invade a land" . However, there are no more "war games" , as they are in the "hell of Vietnam" . The soldier is then "trying to forget Operation My Lai" , and noted "it's been hard to watch 'em die" , also the narrator also expressed a cold side: "didn't really mind to hear some Viet Cong's women cry" . Back in the US, the veteran cannot hide from the crimes committed: "cruelties censored, war can't be ignored" . He wanted to be "out of sight again... where mortality's unseen" .
1990s
1990
This included the song "Slaughterama" (Metal Blade Records # 3984-17003-2), about the band taking part in a reality TV game show involving the brutal slaughtering of hippies, introduced as having a "Grateful Dead life" (a reference to the band Grateful Dead). These hippies "tried to tell us 'give peace a chance'" , a reference to the famous 70s anti-war song by the Plastic Ono Band. The song moved onto the killing, with the narrator screaming "I blew your head clean off" . He then revealed his experience in this area, with reference to the Kent State demonstration: "good thing I was such an expert shot with the National Guard back in Kent State" . The narrator revealed his pleasure derived from hippie hunting, and promised the viewers that they would be back next week with another edition of the show, in which they killed off those "full of existential despair" and those who did not care with a "pathetic life" . Although it is supposed to be comedic, the group sought to criticise the ideals and lifestyle of the hippies, essentially describing them as hypocrites.
Post-war, 1990s. Vietnam veteran. PTSD, mistreatment of vet. Kills himself on Christmas eve.
Glam rock, power ballad.
Will I see him on the TV preachin' 'bout the promised land
He tells me to believe in Jesus, and steals the money from my hand
Some say he was a good man, but Lord I think he sinned, yeah
Twenty-two years of mental tears, cries a suicidal Vietnam vet
Who fought a losing war on a foreign shore
To find his country didn't want him back
Their bullets took his best friend in Saigon
Our lawyers took his wife and kids, no regrets
In a time I don't remember, in a war he can't forget
He cried "Forgive me for what I've done there
Cause I never meant the things I did"
And give me something to believe in if there's a Lord above
And give me something to believe in Oh, Lord arise
My best friend died a lonely man, in some Palm Springs hotel room
I got the call last Christmas Eve and they told me the news
I tried all night not to break down and cry
As the tears rolled down my face, I felt so cold and empty
Like a lost soul out of place
And the mirror mirror on the wall sees my smile it fades again
Sometimes I wish to God I didn't know now
The things I didn't know then road you gotta take me home
I drive by the homeless sleeping on a cold dark street
Like bodies in an open grave, underneath the broken old neon sign
That used to read JESUS SAVES, a mile away live the rich folks
And I see how they're living it up, while the poor they eat from hand to mouth
The rich is drinkin' from a golden cup
And it just makes me wonder why so many lose, so few win
You take the high road and I'll take the low road
Sometimes I wish to God I didn't know now
The things I didn't know then and give me something to believe in
1991
Sections 7-8 focused on the post-war negative impact of the war, on those that fought: "it’s all over now...our youth was blown away" . It also contained descriptions of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - frequently referenced in post-war 1980s songs about US veterans, often connected in songs to stress, shell shock, flashbacks, nostalgia, and feelings and dreams related to an event: "it left scars in their minds... back home, still in the jungle"
The veteran also recalled various place names, familiar sayings, and infamous events: "Khe Sanh, My lai, didi mow" - Khe Sanh was a reference to an area of Vietnam that played a critical role in the war, including The Battle of Khe Sanh, and the US Khe Sanh Combat Base - the city and province are frequently referenced in song, most famously by Australian band Cold Chisel, with the song "Khe Sanh" (1978). My Lai was a reference to the massacre - the mass murder of between 300-500 civilians in the South Vietnamese area known as "Pinkville", containing the hamlets, known as My Lai 4 and My Khe 4, and throughout the area of Song My, by US forces on 16 March 1968. "Didi mow" - this was a phrase adopted by US military personnel during the Vietnam War, from the Vietnamese "đi đi mau" ("get lost") - popularised in the movie The Deer Hunter (1978).1 The song concluded with another reference to a Vietnam War film - Good Morning, Vietnam (1987) - once again showing the huge impact of films on culture.
1992
The song "Wake Up" (Epic Records # Z 52959) focused on racism within the American government and counter-intelligence programs by the FBI. Interestingly, this included looking back to the Vietnam War era, referencing Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous anti-Vietnam War speech: "you know they went after King, when he spoke out on Vietnam" - on 4 April 1967, MLK delivered his most controversial speech, "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" at Riverside Church in New York, in which he took a strong position against the war, opposing the policies of President Johnson. He shortly followed this up with the speech "Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam", delivered at Ebenezar Baptist Church Atlanta, Georgia, on 16 April 1967, featured on the record "Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam", released by Black Forum Records (# BF-451), a spoken-word sub-label of Motown Records. In 1971 this posthumously won the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album. King's opposition to the Vietnam War can be traced back to 1965, although most of his public speeches on the issue took place in 1967 and 1968, when he took part in many anti-war demonstrations, which caused tension between King and President Johnson.
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
On this album featured the song "New World Disorder" (King Recordings # 314 546 032-2), which made a reference to the film Apocalypse Now (1979), directed by the political liberal and dove Francis Ford Coppola. Captain Kilgore (Robert Duvall) of the Air Cavalry attacks a Vietcong held village while playing Wagner's "Ride of the Valkyries" on the loud speakers of his helicopter. Once on the ground, Kilgore strips of his shirt and scarf and prepares to go surfing with explosions and gunshots all around. As fighter jets bomb the forest behind the Vietcong village, Kilgore says happily "I love the smell of napalm in the morning….smells like victory".
Beach Party Vietnam" by The Dead Milkmen on Eat Your Paisley! (1986)
Rambo Rat" by The Queers on Grow Up (1990)
The War in Vietnam" by New Scene on Technomakinita 2 (1991)
Back to Nam EP" by Commando Alan Jamming Nam (1994)
Wa Wa Zat!!" by David Lee Roth on DLR Band (1998)
Vietnam" by Big Red on Big Redemption (1999)
New World Disorder" by Biohazard on New World Disorder (1999)
Napalm in the Morning" by Sodom on M-16 (2001)
Hysteria" by Knives Out! on Black Mass Hysteria (2012)
2000s
2000
Multiple covers of "My Lai" by Impetigo
2001
The track "Napalm in the Morning" - a reference to the surfing scene in the film Apocalypse Now (1979), directed by the political liberal and dove Francis Ford Coppola. Captain Kilgore (Robert Duvall) of the Air Cavalry attacks a Vietcong held village while playing Wagner's "Ride of the Valkyries" on the loud speakers of his helicopter. Once on the ground, Kilgore strips of his shirt and scarf and prepares to go surfing with explosions and gunshots all around. As fighter jets bomb the forest behind the Vietcong village, Kilgore says happily "I love the smell of napalm in the morning….smells like victory".
- Thrash
2002
- 1 AllMusic ↩
2003
"All songs written recorded and produced by Mark", mastered at Ultrasound 2002-2003, cover art by Mark, layout by Syntax Imagery; contact [email protected].
The front cover painting shows a helmeted skeleton riding a shark-mouthed fighter plane, gripping two pentagram-marked bombs, over a burning landscape; the back prints all the lyrics beside a drawing of a sniper, with the slogan "This is cold violent noise". The "P.O.W.M.I.A." lyric quotes "An end to America's involvement in Vietnam cannot come before we have achieved the fullest possible accounting of those missing in action." [From the record sleeve and labels]
2004
2005
Note the rare reference to Robert McNamara, US Secretary of Defense under the presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson (1961-1968). He commissioned the famous "Pentagon Papers", a top-secret study on the history of US involvement in Vietnam in 1967, leaked to the New York Times and other newspapers by Pentagon official Daniel Ellsberg in June 1971, which increased the credibility gap and support for withdrawal from Vietnam: "McNamara Line would not have stopped us to reach the final end" - the McNamara Line was a strategy by the US to prevent the infiltration into South Vietnam.1 This is an interesting reference to a specific strategy, the only mention identified in a song to date.
2006
2008
2009
2011
2012
Napalm (feat. Travis Barker)
Note the front cover of this single featured the famous picture of the "Execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém".14 The song was a tribute to the "heroes of North Vietnam and the partisans from the Viet Cong" - the Vietcong (or "VC") - the National Liberation Front (NFL), the political and military resistance to the US and South Vietnamese government from within South Vietnam. The song noted the US military's use of napalm: "on the run from napalm and gas" - chemical weapon Napalm B - a jellied gasoline mixture, with polystyrene, benzene, and gasoline. Declared a war-crime since 1980, the US government extensively used this weapon during the Vietnam conflict, dropping 388,000 tons on Indochina between 1963 and 1973.123
2013
2014
- Metal
- Metal
- Thrash metal
- Brazil
2015
- Japanese metal
2016
2017
2018
2020
The narrator provided a description of the day of the massacre: "Saturday morning, darn muggy... gearing up to kill" . It then quoted the excuses later given by the perpetrators of the massacre: "I simply did my job, we didn’t know at all, they should not have been there" , as well as doing the killings for "the fallen comrades" . The song concluded with a vivid account of the actual killings: "Herding... mocking... spreading their entrails" , noting that they were civilians: "piles of mutilated corpses solely elderly, women and children" . This song provided a brutal and stark representation of the massacre.
"Get them... yeah... haha... anyone who runs is a VC... anyone who stands still is a well disciplined VC... haha / No need to cry / War is just for fun / I am so in love with my killing gun / Uncle Sam never lies / Oh my fucking Jesus Christ... / Napalm strike on Charlie"
2021
2022
2023
The second section told the story of Varnado Simpson (7 October 1948 – 4 May 1997), who admitted to murdering around 10-20 people, including women and children at My Lai, although in various interviews he gave a slightly different account on the numbers. In 1977 his son was accidentally killed by a stray bullet. Simpson said: "I looked at him, his face was like the same face of the child that I had killed...this is punishment". He said that he suffered greatly from PTSD, and in 1997, he committed suicide.123 So, in the lyrics, the narrator considered the guilt and thoughts of Simpson, with a description of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - frequently referenced in post-war 1980s songs about US veterans, often connected in songs to stress, shell shock, flashbacks, nostalgia, and feelings and dreams related to an event: "nights are without rest... drugs won’t stop the nightmares... unpunished by the laws of men, yet imprisoned in your mind" . It noted the death of his son: "a stray bullet... are the sins of the father visited upon the son" . It concluded with his suicide: "you pulled the trigger and none mourned your death" .
2| Operation Arc Light
3| La Drang
4| A War Too Far
5| The Odyssey of Echo Company
6| The Gulf of Tonkin
7| We Few
8| Phase Line Green
9| When Sanity Cracks
2| Operation Arc Light
3| La Drang
4| A War Too Far
5| The Odyssey of Echo Company
6| The Gulf of Tonkin
7| We Few
8| Phase Line Green
9| When Sanity Cracks
Mix of Traditional Doom Metal and Psychedelic Rock
2024
- Black metal from Latvia
- Digital, self release on bandcamp
2025
Lyric theme data
Lyric content themes tagged on the songs in this collection — parent themes with their sub-themes (number of records). Click a theme for its definition and all records carrying it.
Show all 30 themes ▾Key stats
205 songs · 127 releases · 111 artists · 80 labels · 1970–2025 · 2 more list entries have no record page yet and are not counted here
- 2020 is the peak year, with 29 songs.
- 2020–23 holds 68 of the 204 dated songs — nearly one in three in four years.
- 3 were released during the war years (to 1975); 202 came after.
- One record is undated.
- 111 artists for 205 songs. The most represented is Vothana, with 34.
- One of the artists is still unidentified beyond the record: no line-up, no biography.
- By performer: 196 men, five mixed groups and four not identified (recorded for 205).
- 16 named songwriters. The most often credited are Chris Witchhunter and Frank Blackfire and Sodom, with two each.
- 64 of the 80 labels appear exactly once; Scars of Eternity has the most, with ten.
- 21 sit on a major or well-known imprint — Epic, Metal Blade, Liberty, Vertigo, Atco, Bizarre Leprous, Capitol, Columbia. The other 184 are on independent, regional or private labels.
- 66 are private pressings with no label at all.
- 86 of the 205 are American. Minnesota leads with 34, then California seven and New York seven.
- Minneapolis accounts for 34 records, more than any other city; Los Angeles has four, Birmingham two.
- Then 23 German, 17 Swedish, eleven from Russia, ten Brazilian, ten British, nine Vietnamese, and 20 other countries.
- By perspective: 202 post-war; three peace, protest and anti-war.
- 113 distinct sub-themes across 205 songs.
- Themes Pending is the single biggest subject — 55 songs, one in four.
- Next come My Lai (30), VC (26), Anti-War (23) and Combat (22).